| Axis Orientation | Rotor shaft is horizontal (parallel to ground) | Rotor shaft is vertical (perpendicular to ground) |
| Location of Components | Generator & gearbox placed at top (nacelle) | Main components placed near ground level |
| Wind Direction | Needs yaw mechanism to face wind | No yaw mechanism required (omnidirectional) |
| Efficiency | High efficiency (uses lift force) | Lower efficiency (drag + lift effects) |
| Starting | Generally self-starting | Some types not self-starting |
| Installation Height | Installed on tall towers (strong wind) | Installed closer to ground |
| Maintenance | Difficult (components at height) | Easier (components near ground) |
| Stress & Reliability | Lower stress, more reliable | Higher stress, vibration, less reliable |
